Glossary
Key terms used throughout the Universal Goods platform and documentation.
Product & protocol
Activation Code — A unique code assigned to an individual item that allows a consumer to activate or claim ownership of a product. Typically delivered via QR code or NFC tag and links to the item's public passport page.
Batch — A production run of a specific product. Batches group individual items together and can be finalised to freeze the item list and anchor a point-in-time snapshot of the production data on-chain. Each batch belongs to exactly one product.
Claim — A verifiable statement about a product, batch, or item made by an issuer. Claims can cover sustainability certifications, material composition, origin, lab results, or any other data point. Claims may be anchored on-chain for tamper-evident verification.
Digital Product Passport (DPP) — The on-chain digital twin of a physical product. A unique, verifiable record containing product identity, material composition, environmental performance, repairability, end-of-life instructions, and supply chain data. Minted as an LSP8 token. This is the primary term in all communications.
DPP Template — A reusable schema defined by a manufacturer for a product line. Contains common data (materials, brand, sustainability facts). Individual DPPs are created from templates.
Item — An individual unit within a batch. Each item has a unique identifier and can carry item-level data, activation codes, and its own detail pages. Items are the most granular level of the product-batch-item hierarchy.
Minting — The on-chain act of creating a new DPP token. A batch of 1,000 products = 1,000 minted DPPs.
Phygital — A physical product that has been given a verifiable digital identity on-chain. Use in consumer-facing, social media, and brand messaging contexts.
Physical Asset Signature — The cryptographic proof generated when a user scans a product's tag. Proves the scanner has physical possession of the item. Used for claiming, transferring, and verifying products.
Product — The top-level definition of a good in the platform. A product represents what you make or sell (e.g., "Organic Cotton T-Shirt"), and contains attributes, categories, detail sections, and child batches.
Programmable Asset — A product whose DPP carries enforceable rules — royalties, ownership transfer logic, governance policies. Use with investor and technical audiences.
Scan-to-Sign — The process of scanning a QR/NFC tag to authorise an action (claiming ownership, confirming transfer). The scan acts as a physical asset signature — proving physical possession. This is the core security mechanism.
Secondary Market Royalties — Revenue earned by brands when their tokenised products are resold on secondary markets. Enforced on-chain via smart contract. Paid by buyers at point of transaction, not by brands from their treasury.
Tokenisation — The process of creating a DPP — converting a physical product's data into an on-chain digital asset. Use in enterprise and technical contexts. Avoid in consumer-facing content.
Unique Product Identifier (UPI) — A secure URL generated when a DPP is minted, serving as the unique identifier for each individual physical product. Embedded into a physical QR code or NFC tag affixed to the product. Scanning the UPI allows the first owner to claim the DPP.
Universal Goods Protocol (UGP) — The open-source set of standards for tokenising physical assets. The protocol layer — smart contracts, data schemas, and rules that make DPPs work. Positioned as a public good, governed by the Foundation.
Verification — The process of validating that a product claim is authentic and unmodified. Verification checks the cryptographic signature of a credential, confirms the issuer's identity, and compares data against on-chain integrity anchors.
Blockchain & infrastructure
Account Abstraction — The architectural pattern that lets users interact with blockchain without managing private keys, gas fees, or wallet software. Enabled by LUKSO's Universal Profiles and Transaction Relay.
Base — A Layer 2 Ethereum network (by Coinbase). Used for B2B stablecoin settlement via Bridge by Stripe.
Bridge (by Stripe) — Payment infrastructure for USDC stablecoin settlement on Base. Powers B2B cross-border payments between enterprise clients.
Integrity Anchor — A cryptographic hash stored on the blockchain that serves as a tamper-evident reference point. When a batch is finalised or data is anchored, the platform writes a hash on-chain. Anyone can later verify the off-chain data against the anchor.
LSP7 — LUKSO Standard Proposal 7. A fungible token standard on LUKSO (equivalent to ERC-20 but with richer metadata).
LSP8 — LUKSO Standard Proposal 8. The identifiable digital asset standard used for DPPs. Each token is unique and carries rich metadata, ownership history, and enforceable rules. This is the core token standard for the protocol.
LUKSO — A Layer 1 EVM blockchain purpose-built for the creative and lifestyle economy. Primary chain for DPP deployment. Advanced token standards (LSP7, LSP8) enable rich, programmable digital identities for physical products.
LYX — The native token of the LUKSO blockchain, used to pay gas fees for on-chain transactions. In most Universal Goods configurations, the relayer service manages gas tokens so that end users do not need to hold tokens directly.
Relayer — A backend service that executes blockchain transactions on behalf of users. The relayer holds signing keys and submits transactions to the blockchain network, abstracting gas management and key handling from the end user experience.
Smart Contract — Self-executing code deployed on a blockchain that defines rules for DPPs — how they're owned, transferred, and updated.
Transaction Relay Service — The proprietary gas abstraction layer. Handles all blockchain transaction costs in the background so users never see gas fees or need cryptocurrency.
Universal Profile — A smart contract-based account (LSP0 standard) that serves as an on-chain identity for users and organisations. Unlike a simple address, a Universal Profile supports metadata, permissions, and multiple controller keys.
USDC — A USD-pegged stablecoin. Used for B2B settlement via Bridge on Base.
Platform components
Connection — A mutual, trusted relationship between two organisations on the platform. Connections enable B2B communication through structured messages such as certification requests, invoices, and data requests.
Consumer Wallet — The web/mobile application at wallet.universalgoods.xyz where consumers claim, verify, and trade their goods.
Credential — A cryptographically signed data structure that proves a specific claim. Universal Goods supports Verifiable Credentials (VCs) and SD-JWT (Selective Disclosure JSON Web Token) formats, allowing issuers to share specific data points without revealing their full dataset.
Enterprise Dashboard — The web application at app.universalgoods.org where enterprise clients manage products, batches, DPPs, ownership, and permissions.
ERP — Enterprise Resource Planning. Systems like SAP, Oracle, and Pronto that hold existing product and supply chain data. The platform integrates with ERPs to ingest data for DPP creation.
Facility — A physical location involved in a product's lifecycle: a factory, warehouse, farm, lab, or distribution centre. Facilities are linked to products and batches to support provenance and traceability.
Organisation — The primary tenant boundary in Universal Goods. An organisation owns products, facilities, documents, and connections. Users can belong to multiple organisations and switch between them in the dashboard.
PLM — Product Lifecycle Management. Software managing product design, manufacturing, and service data. Another integration source for DPP data.
Selective Disclosure — A privacy-preserving technique that allows an issuer to share specific claims from a credential without revealing the full dataset. Universal Goods implements this via SD-JWT credentials.
Tokenisation Engine — The backend system that mints DPPs at scale. Connects to enterprise ERP/PLM systems and converts product data into on-chain assets.
Family Labs Platform — The commercial enterprise SaaS product built on top of UGP. Includes the Tokenisation Engine, Enterprise Dashboard, and Consumer Wallet. This is what generates revenue.